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Fluoridation by country

Africa
Egypt
Egypt does not have fluoridated water, but a pilot study was launched Alexandria.
South Africa
South Africa Department of Health recommends the addition of chemicals for fluoridation of drinking water in some areas. It also advises the removal of fluoride in drinking water (defluorination) where the fluoride content is too high.
The law on fluoridation compulsory was introduced in 2002, but was waiting until further investigations by the opposition after the water companies, municipalities and the public.
Asia
China
In China, water fluoridation began in 1965 in the urban area of Guangzhou. It was discontinued due to the shortage silico-fluoride sodium 19,761,978. He was reinstated in the District Fangcun city, due to objections, and was abandoned in 1983. Fluoridation reduces dental caries, but increased dental fluorosis, fluoride levels could be solved material too high, and the poor have often been contradictory and excessive levels of fluoride.
Hong Kong
In Hong Kong, the water is fluoridated at a medium level of 0.49mg / L
Japan
Less 1% of the fluoridation of water in practice, Japan.
India
Water fluoridation is not practiced in India. Fluorosis is endemic in at least 20 states, including Uttaranchal, Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh. The maximum permissible limit of fluoride in drinking water in India is 1.2 mg / L.
Singapore
In 1956, Singapore was the first Asian country to implement a program of fluoridation of water covering 100% of the population. Water Fluoride is a typical value of 0.4-0.6 mg per liter.
Europe
Austria
Austria has never been enforced fluoridation.
Belgium
Belgium does not fluoridate the water, even if the law allows.
Czech
Czech Republic (Czechoslovakia, respectively) began in 1958 Tbor fluoridation. After six years, 80% reduction in caries has been demonstrated [Edit]. This has led to wide fluoridation. In Prague Fluoridation began in 1975. He was arrested in 1988 and throughout the country as well. Currently (2008) water is not fluoridated. fluoridated salt available.
Croatia
Croatia does not fluoridate its water.
Denmark
Denmark is not fluoridate its water, although the National Board of Health is favorable.
Finland
The Finnish government supports fluoridation, but only a community of 70,000 people was stopped fluoridation fluoride Kuopio.Kuopio in 1992.
France
fluoride salt from France.
Netherlands
The Netherlands supplements with fluoride toothpaste, tablets and pills. Water fluoridated in much of Holland from 1960 to 1973, when the Supreme Council of the Netherlands Low said the fluoridation of drinking water is not allowed. Dutch authorities have no legal basis for adding chemicals to drinking water if not improve security as such. . Drinking water is not fluoridated in any part of the Netherlands since 1973.
Germany
The drinking water contains fluoride, which in any part of Germany. The GDR used to fluoridate drinking water, but has been suspended after German reunification.
Ireland
In the Republic of Ireland, most drinking water is fluoridated, 71% of the population 2002 lived in communities with fluoride. Fluoridation of the agent used hydrofluosilicic acid (HFSA; H2SiF6). In a public inquiry in 2002, 45% of respondents expressed concern about fluoridation.
In 1957, Ministry of Health has established an Advisory Board has recommended fluoridation 1.0 ppm fluoride public water supply and then consulted C.50% of the population. This was considered a much less expensive to improve quality of children's teeth to employ more dentists. Ethical approval was given by the Guild "Saints Luke, Cosmas and Damian," put up by the Catholic Archbishop of Dublin John Charles McQuaid. This has led to the Health (Fluoridation of Water) Project Act of 1960, which stated that local fluoridation mandatory. 196 265 The instruments used right under the 1960 law have been separated for each local authority to determine the level of fluoride in drinking water 0.81.0 ppm. The date of the current regulations from 2007, and set the scale 0.60.8 ppm, with a value target of 0.7 ppm.
The implementation of fluoridation took place in the dental survey and preliminary analysis of the water, and a trial, Ryan C. Attorney General. In 1965, the Supreme Court rejected the assertion that Ryan violated the law Gladys constitutional guarantee of the right of Ireland physical integrity. In 1965, congestion in Dublin has been fluoridated water in 1973, other cities have been. Investigations dental children in the decade from 1950 to 1990 showed significant reductions in cavities in parallel with the spread of fluoridation.
Spain
Approximately 10% of the population receives fluoridated water.
Sweden
In 1952, Sweden Norrkping became one of the first cities European fluoridation of their water supply. It was declared illegal by the Supreme Administrative Court of Sweden in 1961, re-legalized in 1962 and finally banned by Parliament in 1971 after a long debate. The majority of Parliament said there were other and better ways reduce tooth decay water fluoridation. Four cities have been given permission to fluoridate tap water when it was legal. A :56-57 Committee official has been formed, which published its final report in 1981. They have recommended other ways of reducing tooth decay (better diet and oral hygiene) instead of fluoridated tap water. They also found that many people are achieving fluoridation individual freedom and freedom of choice, and that long-term effects of fluoridation are not sufficiently known. They also lacked a good study on the effects of fluoridation in infants fed formula.: 29
Switzerland
In Switzerland, since 1962, two fluoridation programs work in tandem: the fluoridation water in the city of Basel, and fluoridation of salt in the rest of Switzerland (83% of domestic salt sold has added fluoride). But it became increasingly difficult maintain two separate programs. As a result, some of the people of Basel have been made to use both fluoridated salt and fluoridated water. To remedy this situation, in April 2003, Congress decided to stop the fluoridation of water and salt fluoridation to formally expand Basel.
UK
Approximately 10% of the UK population receives fluoridated water about half a million people receive fluoride from water naturally, and about 6 million total to receive fluoridated water. The parliamentary group on primary care and public health In April 2003, recommended that fluoridation be introduced "as legitimate and effective in the fight against inequalities in dental health. [Edit] The Water Act 2003 providers meet water demands of local health authorities to fluoridate the water.
The following companies in the United Kingdom fluoride services for Water:
Anglian Water Services Ltd.
Northumbrian Water Ltd
South Staffordshire Water plc
Severn Trent plc
Kingdom Water Utilities plc
More early schemes were implemented in the areas of health management Bedfordshire, Hertfordshire, Lincolnshire, Birmingham, Black Country, Cheshire, Merseyside, County Durham, Tees Valley, Cumbria, Lancashire, North, Yorkshire East, North, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear, Shropshire, Staffordshire, South West Midlands and Trent, where fluoridation has been introduced gradually in the years between 1964 and 1988.
The South Central Strategic Health Authority has The first public consultation under the Water Act 2003 and in 2009, its board voted to fluoridate the water in the Southampton area to reduce the high caries among children there. The research revealed that most respondents Southampton residents opposed the plan, but the city Southampton Primary Care Trust decided that aa vote of the public could not be the deciding factor. " judicial review has been initiated. systems fluoridation have been particularly controversial in the North-West England and has been delayed after a sharp increase in cost estimates revealled.
The water supply in Northern Ireland has never been artificially fluoridated except in two small localities where fluoride is added water for about 30 years. In 1999, fluoridation ceased in these two areas, too. Scottish Parliament rejected proposals to fluoridate drinking water to the population after a consultation ref [public. Required]
Middle East
Israel
The water supply of Israel artificially fluoridated since 1970. Over 5,000 public schools and infrastructure of the basin with large colonies receive fluoridated water. About 67% of the Israel's population receives fluoridated water.
North America
Canada
The decision to fluoridate the responsibility of governments local guidelines established by the provincial, territorial and federal governments. Brantford, Ontario, was the first Canadian city to fluoridate its water in 1945. In 1955, Toronto approved the fluoridation of water, but the delayed implementation of the program until 1963 because of a campaign against fluoridation of the broadcaster Gordon Sinclair. The city continues to fluoridated water today. In 2008, the fluoride levels recommended in Canada have been reduced to 0.81.0 mg / L to 0.7 mg / L to minimize the risk of dental fluorosis. Ontario, Alberta and Manitoba have the highest rate fluoridation, about 7075%. The lowest rates are Quebec (approximately 6%), British Columbia (4%) and Newfoundland and Labrador (1.5%), with the Nunavut Yukon have no fluoride at all. Total of about 45% of Canadians access to fluoridated water in 2007. A 2008 survey revealed that approximately half of adult Canadians aware of fluoridation, and this number, 62% supported the idea.
U.S.
residents of the United States served with fluoridated water, 1992 and 2006. The percentages are the proportions of the resident population of water utilities receive fluoridated water.
Main article: Water fluoridation in the United States
In May 2000, 42 of the 50 largest U.S. cities Water fluoridation has. According to a 2002 study, 67% of U.S. residents living in communities with fluoridated water to this time.
Australasia
Australia
Australia to fluoridate the state all but one in Queensland, where water fluoridation is under control of local government. However, 5 December 2007 The Queensland Premier Anna Bligh said fluoridation of water in most of Queensland 2008.
On May 2, 2009, there was an accident at the treatment plant pine trees in the north of the dam, where 300,000 gallons of contaminated water is pumped 4000 houses in the northern suburbs of Brisbane and Brendal Warner for three hours. The water contains 30 to 31mg / l of fluoride instead of the maximum of 1.5 mg / L. Anna Bligh expressed concern saying: "This is unacceptable and I, like others in Queensland, have questions about this, and I'm not happy.
There is an exception in Western Australia, where it is not 20,000 people in Busselton, Vasse and Wonnerup subdivisions, receiving artificially fluoridated water.
First city to fluoridate water in Australia has been Beaconsfield, Tasmania in 1953.
New Zealand
New Zealand almost all the water is fluoridated except in remote areas. A notable exception to this rule is the city of Christchurch, the third of the city. The use of fluoridation Water began Hastings, New Zealand in 1954. A survey was conducted in 1957, and its use has expanded rapidly in the mid-1960s. Waitaki District voted against fluoridation of water in a referendum in 2007.
South America
Brazil
Some municipalities in Brazil have begun to water fluoridation in the 1950s. A 1974 federal law requires new or expanding treatment plants and the fluoridation of water fluoridation has grown considerably in the 1980s, with levels of fluoride in the optimal set 0.8 mg / L. In 2003, more than 70 million people have fluoridated water.
Chile
In Chile, 70.5% of the population receive fluoridated water (10.1 million was added by chemical means, of course 604000).
References
British Fluoridation Society AB ^, the Association Public Health in the United Kingdom The British Dental Association, the School of Public Health (2004). "The extent of fluoridation water. One in a Million: The facts on water fluoridation (2nd ed.). Manchester: British Fluoridation Society. pp. 5580. ISBN 095476840X. http://bfsweb.org/One extent.pdf a million / 7.
^ AB Cheng KK, Chalmers I, Sheldon TA (2007). "Supplies of adding fluoride to water." BMJ 335 (7622): 699,702. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.39318.562951.BE. PMID 17916854.
Armfield JM ^ (2007). "When public action undermines public health: a critical review antifluoridationist literature. "Aust New Zealand Health Policy 4: 25. DOI: 10.1186/1743-8462-4-25. PMID 18067684. PMC 2,222,595. http://anzhealthpolicy.com/content/4/1 / 25.
^ LJA Damen, P. Nicola Boxum JL, KJ de Graaf, JH Jans, AP Klap, Marseille, BK Neerhof Olivier AR, BJ Schueler, RL Vucsn EN Vermeer (2005) Bestuursrecht 1, 2by Druk; UITGEVERS Boom, The Hague, 54-55 (ISBN 978-90-5454-537-8)
^ "Water Fluoridation – the facts," the South African website of the Ministry of Health, accessed April 29, 2006.
The Page ^ water – water fluoridation and Rand
^ Http: / / www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=125&art_id=vn20030108054021972C918779
^ Petersen PE, Kwan O, Zhu L, Zhang BX, Bian JY (December 2008). "Effective use of fluorides in the People's Republic of China – a model for the initiatives of the WHO Mega Country. "Community Dental Health 25 (4 Suppl 1): 25 767. DOI: 10.1922/CDH_2475Petersen11. PMID 19202775.
^ Process treatment of water in the water supply department, the Government of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
Drinking water Quality ^ for the period April 2008 to March 2009, Department of Water Supply, Government of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
^ Abcdef NCFPR. Fluoridation Facts: Antifluoride statement – "Fluoridation Shun advanced countries. From www. Ada.org [ADA / public / topics / fluoride / facts / Facts document] fluoridation_facts.pdf fluoridation.
^ Ingram, Colin. (2006). The Book of drinking water. pp. 15-16
Control of Fluorosis in India ^
^ Fluoridation and disaster fluorosis – Spain: Fluoride in water takes its toll in Assam – The Leva di Archimede (ENG)
^ WHO | Natural Hazards
Loh ^ T (September 1996). "Thirty-eight years of water fluoridation – the Singapore scenario. Community Dental Health 13 (Suppl 2): 4750. PMID 8897751.
^ CS Teo (April 1984). "The fluoridation of public water supply in Singapore." Annals Academy of Medicine, Paris 13 (2): 24 751. PMID 6497322.
^ Treatment water, utilities Council. http://www.pub.gov.sg/general/Pages/WaterTreatment.aspx
MEDICAL TRIBUNE ^ CZ: Metody JEDN SlVA a preventivn pd
ANAB zub Evil zub ^ Taky zoubky Naiche IV dt.
^ Newspaper article on Vjesnik.hr
name = Search in caries caries ^ a presence and a fluoridated city without fluoride in Finland: a retrospective study using longitudinal data Dental Public Records
Lek ^-Bram van der, "De strijd tegen fluoridering, in De Gids, V.139, 1976
^ LJA Damen, P. JL Boxum Nicola, KJ de Graaf, JH Jans, AP Klap, Marseille, Neerhof AR, BK Oliver BJ Schueler, RL Vucsn EN Vermeer (2005) 1 2nd Druk Bestuursrecht; UITGEVERS Boom, The Hague, 1954-1955 (ISBN 978-90-5454-537-8)
^ Report of the Forum on Fluoridation 2002 p.76 – Department of Health and Children – France
^ Report of the Forum on Fluoridation 2002, pp.2930
^ Report of the Forum on Fluoridation, 2002, p.37
Ab ^ Fluoridation Forum Report 2002, p.71
Ab ^ Report of the Forum on Fluoridation, 2002, p.72
^ The Health (Fluoridation of Water), 1960, Irish law
^ Report of the Forum on Fluoridation 2002, p.170
^ A complete list can be found under 'Schedule 2: Revocation. NN SI 42 of 2007: Water Fluoridation Regulations 2007. Book Irish law. February 2, 2007. http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/2007/en/si/0042.html sched2 #. Retrieved 12/10/2009.
^ SI No. 42 of 2007: fluoridation of water supply regulations 2007 ". Book of Irish law. February 2, 2007. Http: / / www.irishstatutebook.ie/2007/en/si/0042.html. Accessed 12/10/2009.
^ Report of the Forum on Fluoridation, 2002, p.73
Ryan AB ^ C. The Attorney General IESC 1 (July 3, 1965)
^ Report Forum fluoridation in 2002, pp.7476
^ Report of the Forum on Fluoridation, 2002, p.76
^ Report of the Forum on Fluoridation 2002, pp.7678
Ab ^ J Mullen (October 2005). "The history of water fluoridation. British Dental Journal 199 (Suppl 7): 14. DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.4812863. PMID 16215546.
Abc ^ Larsson, Gerhard, Bengt Bengtsson, Eva Hjelmstrm, Ove Karlsson, Maj-Inger Klingvall, Knut Wachtmeister, stergren Karin (May 1981) (in Swedish). Fluor fluorberedningen i kariesfrebyggande SYFT – Ave Betnkande Stockholm: Statens Offentliga utredningar / Socialdepartementet. pp. 12. SOU 1981:32.
Avgjord Fluoreringsfrgan ^ "(in Swedish). Vstmanlands LNS Tidning. 22/11/1962.
^ "Fluoride in Stopp" (in Swedish). Lns Vstmanlands Tidning: pp. 1. 19/11/1971.
^ J. And P. In Meyer Schweiz Monatsschr Wiehl. Zahnmed 2003, 113: 702 (in French) and 728-729 (in German)
H ^ abc Gibson-Moore (2009). "The fluoridation of water somehould all?". Nutrition Bulletin 34 (3): 2915. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-3010.2009.01762.x.
^ British Medical Association
challenge ^ fluoridation in Southampton. (30/06/2009). Dentistry.co.uk.
^ The plan expenditure to increase the fluoride lancashiretelegraph.co.uk
^ Http: / / www.health.gov.il/pages/default.asp?maincat=73&catId=848&PageId=4497
Waytowich Rabb ^ abc-D (2009). "Water fluoridation in Canada: Past and Present" (PDF). J Can Dent Assoc 75 (6): 4514. PMID 19627654. Http://cda-adc.ca/jcda/vol-75/issue-6 / 451.pdf.
^ "Rant Gordon Sinclair, the website of Radio-Canada Society Archives, accessed March 27, 2006.
^ "The supply Water – RL Clark Filtration Plant, Toronto site, accessed March 27, 2006.
^ Quiñonez CR, Locker D (2009). "Public views on fluoridation of water in the Community. "Canadian Journal of Public Health 100 (2): 96 100. PMID 19839282.
^ Klein RJ (07/02/2008). "Healthy People 2010, to examine http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/about/otheract/hpdata2010/focusareas/fa21-oral2_ppt.htm progress made, Area 21, Oral Health. National Center for Health Statistics .. Accessed 05/01/2009.
^ The benefits of fluoride, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, accessed March 19, 2006.
Fluoridation Status ^: Percentage of population receiving fluoridated U.S. water supply from public water, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, accessed on March 19, 2006.
^ Queensland water fluoridation – ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)
E ^ guilt – for limit the damage after fluoride hits home
^ Courier Mail – Brisbane overdose of fluoride since May 2
Busselton Water ^ (Understanding our natural resources water groundwater)
^ Editors: Graham Aplin, SG Foster and Michael McKernan, eds (1987). "Tasmania. Australians: events and places. Sydney, NSW, Australia: Fairfax, Syme & Weldon Associates. pp. Page 366. ISBN 0-521-34073-X.
Ministry of Health of New Zealand New ^
^ Pucca Jr GA, JFR Costa, RM D LDE Sivestre Chagas (2009). "The policies of oral health in Brazil." Braz Oral Res 23 (Suppl 1): 916. DOI: 10.1590/S1806-83242009000500003 (Inactive 07/01/2010). PMID 19838553. = S1806-83242009000500003 http://scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid.
^ Information from the Department of Health Oral Chilean Ministry of Health. December 2004.
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